There were three main forms of New Village female leadership. The first was female leaders (Bunyeo Jidowon). One woman was chosen from high school graduates for each city or county and was appointed after completing one to two weeks of training. The second type was social campaigners (Saenghwal Jidosa) Starting in the latter half of the 1950s with farmers and also “family instructors (Gajeong Gyodowon)”, the name later changed. These leaders were a major force in the instruction and education of rural housewives to rationalize lifestyles through, for example, clothing, food and housing habits or health and hygiene. Initially one woman was assigned to every two county (Gun), but from 1964 one female leader was assigned to each county. The third type of female leadership was family planning educators. These were women with the equivalent of high school education – nurses and midwives under the age of 55 or nursing auxiliary staff under the age of 40 – who received short-term education at a family planning research center. In practice, however, because many of these women were not licensed, women with high school equivalent education were sent to the townships after receiving about two weeks training. These women provided education on family planning, distributed and mediated contraceptives, provided follow up services, reported statistics, and ran mothers’ groups. (Jang Migyeong, 2008 “Gaebal gukka sigi, Sae Maeul Undong bunyeo jidoja ui jeongcheseong ui jeongchi [The Formulation and change of Identity of Saemaul women Leaders in the development state period: focusing on the successful cases or essays of Saemaul women Leaders]”, in 『Sahoe Gwahak Yeongu [Social Science]』, vol. 16, p. 177).
- Mid-ranking women at a leadership course, Gangwon-do
- Trainee female leaders in Gyeongsangbuk-do
- President of a mothers’ group in Seongsan-myeon (town)
- Family planning research center
- Members of the mothers’ group in Seongsan-myeon (September 28, 1970)
- Leaders of each mothers’ group in Goryeong-gun and the wives of the provincial and county teachers
- Members of the 17th national leaders for victory over communism
- Commemorative photograph from the New Village training institute
- Finishing education at the central meeting for New Village leaders