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임시의정원 역대의장
정부요인(1919년 9월)
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View of the Bund (Wai tan), Shanghai
Foreign concessions in Shanghai (French Concession marked in yellow, 1943)
Demonstration as part of the March 1st Movement in front of memorial pavilion at Gwanghwamun (gate)
Demonstration as part of the March 1st Movement in front of Deoksugung (palace)
Declaration of Independence, March 1, 1919
Korean Declaration of Independence, published by the Hawaii branch of the Korean National Association (March 1919)
Declaration by the Korean National Council in Russian territory (March 1919)
Proclamation of a mass meeting by the Hanseong Government (April 1919)
The first headquarters of the Korean Provisional Government. It was financed by independence contributions collected by the Korean National Association in the Americas and located in no. 309, Baochang-lu, in the French Concession.
Certificate of appointment of Yi Seungman (Syngman Rhee) as Prime Minister of the Korean Provisional Government (April 11, 1919)
“Interim Charter of the Republic of Korea,” enacted and declared at the establishment of the Korean Provisional Government (April 1919)
Members of the Interim Institute of Publication of Historical Records, established on June 17, 1919. First row from left: (unknown), Wu Seunggyu, Yi Gwangsu, Kim Dubong, Kim Byeongjo. Second row from left: Yi Wonik, Jang Bung, (unknown), Ahn Changho, Kim Yeoje, Kim Hongseo, Bak Hyeonhwan
Cover of the 『Collection of Historical Records of Korean-Japanese Relations』. This was a history book and collection of historical materials that the Provisional Government published to submit to the League of Nations.
Preface in the 『Collection of Historical Records of Korean-Japanese Relations』
Text of the 『Collection of Historical Records of Korean-Japanese Relations』
The first issue of 『Independence (Dongnip)』, the official publication of the Korean Provisional Government. The first issue was published in Shanghai on August 21, 1919, to encourage Koreans’ spirit of independence, to unite the people, and to excite public opinion. The title was changed to 『Independence Newspaper (Dongnip Sinmun)』 from October 25, 1919.
Independence bond, issued by the Korean Commission to America and Europe for the Republic of Korea (hereafter “Korean Commission”). The Korean Commission began to issue bonds from September 1, 1919. There were five kinds of bond – 10, 25, 50, 100, and 1,000 dollar bonds – with an annual rate of 6%. Independence bonds were to be repaid one year after the United States recognized the Korean government.
Independence bond issued by the Korean Commission (50 dollar bond)
Independence bond issued by the Korean Commission (100 dollar bond)
Independence bond issued by the Korean Commission (100 dollar bond, reverse side)
Commemorative picture of the sixth meeting of the Interim Assembly of the Republic of Korea (September 17, 1919)
State council members of the Provisional Government (October 11, 1919). First row from left: Shin Ikhui, Ahn Changho, Hyeon Sun. Second row from left: Kim Cheol, Yun Hyeonjin, Choe Changsik, Yi Chunsuk
Staff members of the Korean Provisional Government (October 11, 1919)
Sample independence bond issued by the Korean Provisional Government (100 won bond)
Independence bond issued by the Korean Provisional Government (1,000 won bond)
After the Provisional Government’s New Year celebration (January 1, 1920)
First anniversary of the March 1st Movement (March 1, 1920). The ceremony was held at the Olympic Theatre on Jingansi-lu (Bubbling Well Road), Shanghai and Hyeon Sun, who first brought the Declaration of Independence to Shanghai, read the declaration.
Kim Jeonggeuk’s travel certificate, issued by the Korean Provisional Government (April 22, 1920). This is the passport issued by the Korean Provisional Government when Kim was chosen as a scholarship student to study in the United States, supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Korean Provisional Government.
Reverse of travel certificate written in English, French, and Russian.
Korean Provisional Government State Council decree no. 3 (December 1, 1920). This State Council decree was sent to the Korean people in the Jiandao area who suffered damages in the Jiandao Tragedy. It states that bloody battles are fundamental to the independence movement and confirms that it would fight to the bitter end.
Welcoming ceremony for President Yi Seungman in Shanghai, hosted by the Korean Association in Shanghai (December 28, 1920). From left: Son Jeongdo, Yi Dongnyeong, Yi Siyeong, Yi Donghwi, Yi Seungman, Ahn Changho, Bak Eunsik, Shin Gyusik, Jang Bung
New Year’s celebration of the Korean Provisional Government and Interim Assembly (January 1, 1921)
Ceremony on the second anniversary of the March 1st Movement at the Olympic Theater on Jingansi-lu, Shanghai (March 1, 1921). President Yi Seungman and State Council members participated. In this picture, Kim Byeongjo is reading the Declaration of Independence. From left: Shin Gyusik, (unknown), Bak Eunsik, (unknown), Kim Byeongjo, Yi Seungman, Jang Bung, Yi Dongnyeong, Ahn Changho
Audience at ceremony on the second anniversary of the March 1st Movement at the Olympic Theater on Jingansi-lu, Shanghai (March 1, 1921).
Representatives of the Korean Provisional Government at the Paris Conference. After arriving in Paris On March 13, 1919, Kim Gyusik established the Korean Commission in Paris and the Bureau of Communications. First row from left: Yeo Unhong, the owners of the office, Kim Gyusik. Second row from left: (unknown), Yi Gwanyong, Jo So-ang, (unknown), (unknown), (unknown), (unknown), Hwang Gihwan
Request for Korean Independence submitted to the Paris Conference in the name of the Korean Provisional Government (April, 1919)
The thirteen articles submitted to the Paris Conference by Kim Gyusik, representative of the Sinhan Youth Group (April 3, 1919)
President of the Korean Provisional Government, Yi Seungman, and Chair of the Korean Commission, Kim Gyusik
The Korean Congress held in Philadelphia (April 14 to 16, 1919). Inspired by the March 1st Movement, Seo Jaepil (Philip Jaisohn) and other Korean-Americans held the first Korean Congress in the Little Theatre of Philadelphia. From right, Yun Byeonggu, Yi Seungman, Jeong Han-gyeong, Kim Nodi.
Parade with Korean flag at the Korean Congress in Philadelphia. After a ceremony declaring Korean independence, attendees paraded from the Little Theatre of Philadelphia to Independence Hall waving Korean flags.
Parade with Korean flag at the Korean Congress in Philadelphia.
Representatives at the Korean Congress in Philadelphia. First row from left: (unknown), Min Chanho, Jeong Han-gyeong, (unknown), Seo Jaepil, Yi Seungman and Yun Byeonggu. Cheon Seheon, Jo Byeong-ok, Yu Ilhan, and others are seen to the right.
Staff members of the Korean Commission (March 1, 1920). First row from left: (unknown), Song Heonju, Yi Seungman, Kim Gyusik. Second row from left: (unknown), Im Byeongjik, Kim Nodi.
Certificate appointing Seo Jaepil to the position of Vice Chair of the Korean Commission, from the President of the Korean Provisional Government, Yi Seungman, April 18, 1921
Jeong Han-gyeong and Yi Seungman arriving in Washington, D.C. to participate in the Washington Disarmament Conference (November, 1921)
Korean representatives at the Washington Disarmament Conference (in front of the building of the Korean Commission, November 1921). First row from left: Yi Seungman, Maybourne, Frederic A. Dolph. Second row from left: Seo Jaepil, Jeong Han-gyeong.
Official building of the Korean Commission in Washington, D.C.
Representatives from countries participating at the Institute of Pacific Relations conference in Hawaii (June 30, 1925).
Korean representatives at the Institute of Pacific Relations conference held in Honolulu, Hawaii (June 30, 1925). From left: Yu Eokgyeom, Kim Yangsu, Seo Jaepil, (unknown), Yun Hye-eun, Shin Heung-u, Song Jinu.
Korean representatives at the Institute of Pacific Relations conference in Honolulu, Hawaii. From left: (unknown), (unknown), (unknown), Song Jinu, Shin Heung-u.
Trainees and instructor at Redwood Flight School in 1920. First row from left: American instructor Frank Bryant, (unknown), (unknown), Jang Byeonghun, Han Jangho, Yi Yongseon. Second row from left: (unknown), Oh Rimha. Fourth from right is Yi Cho.
Han Jangho on a plane. Korean young men obtained pilot’s certificates at the Redwood Flight School, a private flight school in Redwood, and were appointed as instructors at the Willows Pilot Training School.
Noh Baekrin (Pailin Low), Minister of Military Affairs, Korean Provisional Government
Minister of Military Affairs Noh Baekrin and instructors of the Pilot Training School for Koreans (February 5, 1920). From left: Jang Byeonghun, Oh Rimha, Yi Yongseon, Noh Baekrin, Yi Cho, Yi Yonggeun, Han Jangho.
Flight training field, Redwood Flight School (May 1, 1920)
Han Jangho at Redwood Flight School (May 1, 1920).
Pilots finishing the program at Redwood Flight School (May 1, 1920). They graduated the school, obtained pilot’s certificates, and were appointed as instructors at the Willows Pilot Training School for Koreans.
Graduation ceremony of the military academy of Daehan Military Command, army of the Korean Provisional Government (September 9, 1919)
Commemorating the Northern Military Command for its victory at Cheongsanri battle (October 1920)
Chamui-bu unit of the Army in Manchuria. They worked in southern Manchuria and were later organized as an independence army under the Korean Provisional Government. The Chamui-bu functioned as the civil administration office for Korean immigrants to Southern Manchuria and included voluntary armed resistance forces against the Japanese Empire.
Commemorating the first graduates of the Nursing School of the Korean Red Cross (August 1919). Independence activists in Shanghai suggested forming a Korean Red Cross, and the Korean Provisional Government chartered the Red Cross on August 29. Second row from left: Kim Hongseo, (unknown), Jeong In-gwa, (unknown), (unknown), (unknown), (unknown), Yi Chunsuk, Yeo Unhyeong. Third row from left: (unknown), Kim Byeongjo, Kim Gyeonghui (first president), Yu Sanggyu.
Constitution of the Association of Korean Workers and Soldiers. The association was organized on October 22, 1922, to secure the finances and military forces necessary for a future war for independence.
Kim Ok-in’s diploma from Inseong School (March 1925). The elementary school belonged to the Korean Residents Association of Shanghai, which was under the direct supervision of the Korean Provisional Government.
Inseong School (1925).
Commemorating the 14th graduates from Inseong School, June 30, 1934.
Picture at the closure of Inseong School (November 11, 1935). The Korean Provisional Government left Shanghai after Yun Bonggil’s patriotic deed in 1932, creating a challenge for the school’s management. Upon request from Japan, the government of the French Concession began to intervene in the school’s affairs, resulting in the closure of Inseong School.
Yi Bongchang in front of the Korean flag (December 13, 1931)
Yi Bongchang with written oath on chest and grenade in hands, in front of the Korean flag (December 13, 1931)
Written oath of Yi Bongchang of the Patriotic Corps (December 13, 1931)
Yi Bongchang (December 17, 1931)
Yi Bongchang arrested and being taken to an investigation room at the Japanese Police Headquarters (January 8, 1932)
Police inspecting the incident in front of the Japanese Police Headquarters, Tokyo (January 8, 1932)
Extra edition of 『Tokyo Daily News』 (January 8, 1932)
Extra edition of 『Tokyo Asahi News』 (January 8, 1932)
The Korean Independence Party’s declaration on the “attempted assassination of the Japanese emperor by Yi Bongchang” (January 10, 1932). The party declared that the Korean people’s struggle against the Japanese empire would continue.
Yi Bongchang, being escorted to the court (September 30, 1932)
Yu Sanggeun of the Patriotic Corps
Choe Heungsik of the Patriotic Corps
Kim Gu, director of the Patriotic Corps and corps members (1932). From left: Choe Heungsik, Kim Gu, Yu Sanggeun
Written oath of Yun Bonggil (April 26, 1932)
Yun Bonggil, with a written oath on his chest, holding a gun in his right hand and a grenade in his left hand (April 26, 1932)
Kim Gu, director of the Patriotic Corps with corps member, Yun Bonggil (April 26, 1932)
Yun Bonggil’s letter to his two sons (April 27, 1932)
Kim Gu’s watch. Yun Bonggil and Kim Gu exchanged watches before Yun attempted to assassinate the Japanese emperor.
Yun Bonggil’s watch, exchanged with Kim Gu.
Japanese troops lined up before Yun’s assassination attempt (April 29, 1932)
Ceremonial stage immediately before Yun’s assassination attempt (April 29, 1932)
Ceremonial stage immediately after Yun threw the bomb (April 29, 1932)
Ceremonial stage immediately after Yun threw the bomb (April 29, 1932)
Lunch box bomb that Yun Bonggil was unable to throw (April 29, 1932)
Yun Bonggil being arrested after the assassination attempt
Extra edition of 『Tokyo Daily News』, April 29, 1932
Page 2 of extra edition of 『Osaka Asahi News』, May 1, 1932
Page 2 of extra edition of 『Tokyo Daily News』, May 1, 1932
Front page of extra edition of 『Tokyo Asahi News』, May 1, 1932
『China Weekly Review』, May 14, 1932
Yun Bonggil under escort to the Military Police Headquarters of the Japanese expeditionary force in Shanghai.
Yun Bonggil sacrificing his life for his country (April 29, 1932)
Yun Bonggil sacrificing his life for his country (April 29, 1932)
『“Dowoe Silgi”』 published in Chinese to promote the activities of the Korean Patriotic Corps after Yun’s assassination attempt
On Ahn Changho’s birthday (November 9, 1919)
Kim Gu, Ahn Changho, Yi Tak
Shin Chaeho, Shin Seok-u, Shin Gyusik
Funeral wake for Ahn Taeguk. After being imprisoned for the Sinminhoe incident and set free, Ahn Taeguk worked for the independence movement in Manchuria. He went to Shanghai after the March 1st Movement and participated in the Provisional Government, but died on April 11, 1920. The wake was at Ahn Changho’s residence in Seogangri.
Funeral procession for Ahn Taeguk (April 14, 1920)
Koreans in Shanghai and figures of the Provisional Government at Ahn Taeguk’s funeral (April 14, 1920). The burial site was at Zhangbing-lu cemetery for foreigners.
Kim Gu and family (1921). This is the only picture of Choe Junrye, Kim Gu’s wife. From left: Kim Gu, his oldest son Kim In, his wife Choe Junrye.
Funeral for Kim Gajin, at the French Concession in Shanghai, July 8, 1922.
Funeral procession for Kim Gajin (July 8, 1922).
Funeral of Kim Gajin (July 8, 1922). He was buried in Manguk cemetery of Xujiahui in Shanghai.
In front of the tombstone of Shin Gyusik (1923). Front row from left: Min Pilho and his son Min Yeongsu. Second row from left: Shin Myeongho (daughter of Shin Gyusik and Min Pilho’s wife), Jo Jeongwan (wife of Shin Gyusik), Min Pilho’s daughter Min Yeongju.
Wedding of Song Jong-ik (January 13, 1924)
At the tombstone of Choe Junrye, Kim Gu’s wife (1924). From left: Kim Gu’s younger son Kim Sin, Kim Gu, his mother Kwak Nakwon, oldest son, Kim In.
Wedding of Eom Hangseop (1927)
Funeral of Yi Tak (March 18, 1889 ~ May 17, 1930)
Tomb of Yi Tak
Families of figures of the Korean Provisional Government (Shanghai in 1931). First row from left: (unknown), Yeon Midang (Eom Hangseop’s wife), Jeong Jeonghwa (Kim Uihan’s wife), Shin Myeongho (Min Pilho’s wife). Second row from left: Yi Heon-gyeong (Min Pilho’s mother), Yeon Midang’s mother, (unknown), (unknown).
Ahn Changho’s diary. It records about 8 months, between January 14, 1920 and August 20, 1921, while Ahn was serving as an official of the Labor Bureau of the Korean Provisional Government.
The first volume of 『“Kim Gu’s Diary (Baekbeom Ilji)”』 by Kim Gu. He wrote this as his will for his two sons after he determined to sacrifice his life to revive the independence movement. It was written between 1928 and 1929.